| Reference, Group | League | ML technique | Task/Paradigm |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Akin et al., 2002], Cerberus | 4LL | DT, NN | Colour classification |
| [Akin et al., 2003], Cerberus | 4LL | C4.5 | Colour classification |
| [Anderson et al., 2003], Griffiths | 4LL | Covering | Colour classification |
| [Andou, 1998] | Simulator | RL | Player positioning |
| [Andre and Teller, 1999] | Simulator | GP | Entire task |
| [Asada et al., 1999,Uchibe et al., 1996] | Mid-size | RL, GA | Behaviors |
| [Balch, 1998] | Teambots | RL | Role selection |
| [Bowling et al., 2003] | Small-Size | Mixtures of Experts | Team strategy adaptation |
| [Bowling, 2003] | Small-Size | RL | Behaviors |
| [Bowling and Veloso, 2003] | Small-Size | RL | Behaviors |
| [Chan et al., 2002], UNSW | 4LL | C4.5 | Colour classification |
| [Chen et al., 2003], UNSW | 4LL | C4.5 | Colour classification |
| [Chernova and Veloso, 2004], CMU | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Crisman et al., 2002], Washington | 4LL | DT | Colour clustering |
| [Dahm and Ziegler, 2002] | 4LL | EC | Localisation |
| [Fidelman and Stone, 2004], UT Austin | 4LL | EC, RL | Ball grasping |
| [Gu and Hu, 2002], Essex | 4LL | EC, fuzzy | Behaviour control |
| [Han and Veloso, 1998] | Small-size | HMM | Behavior classification |
| [Hengst et al., 2001], UNSW | 4LL | Polygon growing | Colour classification |
| [Hornby et al., 2000] | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk evolution |
| [Hornby et al., 1999] | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Inoue et al., 2004], Kyushu | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Inoue and Wilkin, 1997] | Simulator | RL | Player positioning, passing |
| [Kim and Uther, 2003], rUNSWift | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Kobayashi and Yuasa, 2000], Uni Tokyo | 4LL | SOM, NN | Motor control, ball kicking |
| [Kohl and Stone, 2004a], UT Austin | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Kohl and Stone, 2004b], UT Austin | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Kok et al., 2003] | Simulator | Supervised | Shooting |
| [Lawther and Dalgliesh, 2000], UNSW | 4LL | Polygon growing | Colour classification |
| [Luke et al., 1998] | Simulator | GP | Entire task (from behaviours) |
| [Marceau, 2001], McGill | 4LL | Nearest neighbour | Colour table generation |
| [Marsella et al., 2001] | Simulator | DT, RL | Behaviors |
| [Mitsunaga and Asada, 2001], Osaka | 4LL | C4.5 | Behavioural actions |
| [Mitsunaga et al., 2002], Osaka | 4LL | DT | Landmarks, decision making |
| [Noda et al., 1996] | Simulator | NN | Pass or shoot |
| [Pham et al., 2002], UNSW | 4LL | Gradient descent | Localisation |
| [Quinlan et al., 2003], NUbots | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Quinlan et al., 2004], NUbots | 4LL | SVM | Colour classification |
| [Riley and Veloso, 2000] | Simulator | DT | Behavior classification |
| [Röfer, 2004], German team | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Sammut, 2003], rUNSWift | 4LL | EC, RL | Walk learning with AIBO |
| [Stone et al., 2003], UTAustin | 4LL | Nearest neighbour | Colour classification |
| [Stone and Veloso, 2000a] | Simulator | NN, DT, RL | Behaviors,Pass selection |
| [Stone et al., 2005] | Simulator | RL | 3v2 keepaway |
| [Veloso et al., 1998], CMU | 4LL | Supervised learning | Colour classification |
| [Veloso and Uther, 1999], CMU | 4LL | Supervised learning | Colour classification |
| [Wang et al., 2002], UNSW | 4LL | Nearest neighbour | Colour classification |
| [Wilking and Röfer, 2004], German team | 4LL | DT, C4.5 | Pose recognition |
| [Wünstel et al., 2001] | Simulator | SOM | Behavior classification |
| [Zagal and Ruiz-del-Solar, 2005], Chile | 4LL | GA | Ball kicking |
| [Zagal et al., 2004a], Chile | 4LL | GA | Landmark detection |
| [Zagal et al., 2004b], Chile | 4LL | RL, EC | Walking |